Current Issue Annual Conference 2025: INDIGESNOUS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Download Full Issues About Iapa Conference Over the last ten years, the world has been gripped by rapid, wide ranging changes. The world today is a society that is experiencing and living a new world order, which many today refer to as the “global and digital societyâ€. Rapid advancements in information technology have made territorial boundaries no longer relevant in relations among nations. Today global values can easily permeate the society in remote areas. Consequently, marginalized people, who are often considered to be very far from the center of power, also have access to drivers of global developments. Local population has easy access to information on global politics taking shape in other countries. Load More
Indonesian Association for Public Administration (IAPA)
Gender Inequality in Education in Nagekeo Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Gender inequality in education remains a persistent development issue across Indonesia, particularly in the eastern regions such as Nagekeo Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). This paper examines how cultural, structural, and policy-related factors interact to shape unequal access, participation, and outcomes between male and female students. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through document analysis of government reports, statistical data, and academic publications, the study identifies that early marriage, heavy domestic workloads, and patriarchal norms significantly restrict educational participation among girls. Despite the presence of national and regional gender mainstreaming policies, their implementation in Nagekeo has not yet achieved transformative results. The findings highlight that gender inequality in education is not merely an issue of access but also of power relations and social structures that continue to reproduce disparities. The study concludes that integrating gender-responsive budgeting, community awareness campaigns, and capacity building for local governments is essential to promote inclusive education and sustainable human development in eastern Indonesia.
A Model for Enhancing Community Economic Resilience in the VUCA Era from a Public Management Perspective
The VUCA era—characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity—has reshaped the global socio-economic environment. Economic instability, rapid technological shifts, and political dynamics require communities to build adaptive and resilient economic systems. In this context, public management plays a strategic role in driving inclusive and responsive policy frameworks. Failure to effectively address VUCA-related challenges may weaken societal capacity to sustain long-term economic well-being. This study employs a qualitative approach with an exploratory case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and policy document analysis across selected regions in Indonesia that have demonstrated strong economic resilience. Thematic triangulation was used to identify emerging patterns of capacity building among communities and public institutions. The research focused on the interaction between government policies, grassroots initiatives, and civic participation in developing a sustainable resilience model. The findings reveal that community economic resilience is strongly supported by transformative public leadership, robust local institutional networks, and flexible policy support. The proposed model underscores the importance of collaborative governance, adaptive learning, and community-based empowerment. The study recommends developing participatory and locally-informed public policies to foster sustainable economic systems capable of navigating the complexities of the VUCA era.
Service Quality Analysis of JakLingko Mobile Application in Jakarta’s Public Transportation
In today’s digital era, technology has been adapted into various aspects of society, including public transportation. One such application available to the public is the JakLingko app. This application develops a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) model, which is a single application for various modes of transportation. The available transportation modes include TransJakarta, Jakarta MRT, Jakarta LRT, and KRL Commuter Line. The JakLingko application, with its integration concept, is expected to facilitate public access to public transportation through the features available on the application. However, in reality, there are members of the public who frequently encounter difficulties when using the application. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the quality of electronic services on the JakLingko app. The approach used is quantitative, with data collection techniques including an online survey of 135 respondents. The study also employs a qualitative method through interviews and literature reviews, which serve as supporting data. The results indicate that the quality of electronic services on the JakLingko app is of high quality. This finding is supported by several dimensions and measurement indicators, which also received high ratings from JakLingko app users.
STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACCOUNTABILITY IN MUSI BANYUASIN REGENCY
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) accountability has increasingly become a cornerstone of sustainable labor governance, particularly in developing regions where informal and part-time employment structures dominate. In Indonesia, despite an extensive regulatory framework including Law No. 1 of 1970 on Occupational Safety and Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012 on OHS Management Systems (SMK3) implementation remains inconsistent, with accountability mechanisms still weak at both institutional and behavioral levels. This study aims to formulate a strategic framework to enhance OHS accountability in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, as a representative industrial area facing rapid employment transformation. Using a mixed-method design, the research integrates quantitative labor market data (2020–2024) with qualitative interviews involving key government, industry, and labor stakeholders. Quantitative findings reveal persistent gender disparities in employment and a high share of part-time labor, indicating fragility in OHS compliance and risk management. Qualitative analysis identifies fragmented inter-agency coordination, limited safety literacy, and underdeveloped digital reporting mechanisms. The study proposes a collaborative governance- based model emphasizing digitalized reporting, inter-institutional data integration, and community-centered safety literacy enhancement. This model extends the theoretical discourse on accountability by bridging the gap between regulatory compliance and moral responsibility. The findings contribute to the literature on safety governance by conceptualizing accountability as a multidimensional construct that intertwines institutional transparency, behavioral commitment, and procedural enforcement. Practically, the paper provides a roadmap for strengthening OHS accountability through policy innovation and technology adoption, aligning local governance reform with the broader Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 8.8) on safe and secure working environments.
Moral Politics in the Digital Space: Dedi Mulyadi’s Populist Strategy in Building Leadership Image on Instagram
This study analyzes Kang Dedi Mulyadi’s (KDM) political branding strategy on Instagram as a manifestation of local moral populism. It argues that his leadership image is built on personal morality and Sundanese cultural values rather than policy rationality. Qualitative content analysis reveals a consistent prioritization of Political Value and Activity Report posts, positioning KDM as a simple, moral, and hard-working leader. This image is reinforced by focusing on Relationship and Personal Value in his personality content, which builds emotional closeness with the public. Visual elements, particularly white Sundanese traditional clothing, serve as symbolic markers of simplicity and local wisdom. KDM’s success creates a paradox: it effectively builds trust through affective bonds but risks shifting the political arena from rational deliberation to a personal moral stage, potentially weakening democratic accountability (the “Halo Effect”).
COPRODUCTION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION IN PUBLIC SERVICES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study examines the relationship between coproduction and social inclusion in public service delivery through a Systematic Literature Review of 36 articles published between 2020 and 2024. The analysis employed thematic and bibliometric techniques using VOSviewer. The findings reveal that coproduction practices tend to be exclusive and have not optimally engaged marginalized groups. Effective inclusion requires deliberative institutional design and the active role of public administrators as facilitators. This study contributes to strengthening a justice-based coproduction model and promotes more participatory and equitable public service reform.
Public-Sector Innovation To Narrow The Urban–Rural Digital Divide For Inclusive Smart Tourism In Indonesia: A Systematic Review
This systematic review synthesizes evidence on government-led digital innovations advancing inclusive smart tourism in Indonesia and narrowing the urban–rural digital divide. We examine smart-tourism apps, QR-based cashless payments, destination management systems, chatbots, and AR/VR, alongside public programs for broadband expansion, youth skills, and smart villages. Findings indicate these measures improve access for Gen Z/Millennial travelers and rural SMEs, enable data-driven management, and broaden market reach. Persistent gaps in connectivity, digital literacy, and local capacity limit impact. We outline implications for digital inclusion, regional equity, and youth-focused growth and propose priorities for sustainable policy design.
Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia: Challenges and Solutions
Tourism is a strategic sector in Indonesia’s national development, contributing significantly to economic growth, job creation, and the promotion of cultural identity. However, uncontrolled tourism activities have the potential to lead to environmental degradation, social inequality, the loss of local cultural identity, economic disparities, excessive concentration of tourism in certain destinations, and inconsistencies with the principles of sustainable development. This paper aims to analyze sustainable tourism strategies in Indonesia, emphasizing the integration of economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects. The approach used in this paper is a literature review, policy analysis, and governance strategy analysis combined with an environmentally conscious tourism development framework. The analysis shows that sustainable tourism development must balance economic, social, and environmental dimensions in accordance with the principles of sustainable development (Brundtland Report). Strengthening multi-level governance, implementing the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), managing carrying capacity, and empowering local economies are key strategies for creating a sustainable tourism system. Furthermore, the implementation of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) and the diversification of tourist destinations outside of core areas are considered capable of expanding economic benefits and reducing ecological pressures. This article emphasizes that the success of Indonesian tourism development depends on collaboration between stakeholders, green fiscal policies, and a commitment to cultural and environmental protection.
TRANSFORMASI FISKAL DALAM MENDORONG PEMBANGUNAN KOTA BERBASIS LINGKUNAN DAN SOSIAL DI KOTA DENPASAR
Transformasi fiskal daerah merupakan instrumen strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan, khususnya di daerah perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran transformasi fiskal daerah dalam mendorong pembangunan kota berbasis lingkungan dan sosial di Kota Denpasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur, data sekunder dari laporan keuangan daerah, serta analisis kebijakan pemerintah Kota Denpasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), peningkatan efektivitas alokasi belanja publik, dan penerapan kebijakan berbasis lingkungan telah mendorong terwujudnya kota yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan sosial masyarakat. Namun demikian, tantangan berupa keterbatasan fiskal, ketergantungan pada transfer pusat, dan lemahnya sinergi antar-stakeholder masih perlu diatasi. Penelitian ini menyarankan penguatan instrumen fiskal hijau, peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat, serta transparansi dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE QUALITY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF GORONTALO PROVINCE
Public service is one of the main pillars in realizing good governance. However, in many regions, including Gorontalo Province, service quality still faces various challenges such as low responsiveness of officials, slow bureaucracy, and suboptimal public satisfaction. This condition emphasizes the urgency of conducting a study on internal organizational factors, particularly leadership behavior and organizational culture, which are believed to play an important role in improving public service quality. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership behavior and organizational culture on the quality of public services within the Gorontalo Provincial Government. The method used is a survey with a mixed methods approach, involving 73 respondents randomly selected from a total population of 270 employees, supported by qualitative data through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that leadership behavior contributes significantly to improving the quality of public services by 25.2%, while organizational culture has an influence of 31%. Simultaneously, these two variables contribute 73.2% to the quality of public services, with the remainder being influenced by other factors. These findings imply that strengthening transformational leadership and developing a positive organizational culture are key strategies for realizing responsive, transparent, and accountable public services at the local government level.
Inclusive Participatory Public Administration: Marginalized Communities along Karang Mumus River, Samarinda
This study explores the experiences of riverside residents along the Karang Mumus River (SKM) in facing revitalization and relocation processes, and analyzes the extent to which the SKM revitalization policy has adopted participatory and inclusive principles of public administration. It also aims to construct a context- based conceptual model of inclusive public administration that integrates the protection of basic rights, deliberative participation, and multi-actor collaboration. Using an interpretive qualitative approach and an exploratory case study method, the research maps the experiences of marginalized residents during the planning and implementation phases of the revitalization program, which directly affect their right to housing, livelihoods, and access to basic services. The findings reveal that public participation tends to be formalistic, protection of residents’ rights remains limited, and while NGOs and academics are actively involved, their roles are still fragmented. This study concludes that an inclusive model of public administration must simultaneously integrate three critical pillars: the protection of socio-economic rights, meaningful deliberative participation, and the facilitation of collaborative dialogue among policy actors. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of the Three Pillars of Inclusivity Model, which serves as a conceptual framework for achieving socially just and community-rooted policy governance.
Critical Obstacles: The Quest for Sustainable Tourism in Fatumnasi’s Hidden Gem
This study investigates the critical challenges hindering sustainable community-based tourism (CBT) deve- lopment in the Fatumnasi tourism area of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The research addresses gaps in previous studies that often overlook specific causes of success or failure and predominantly focus on developed regions or other developing countries with better infrastructure. Utilizing a qualitative case study method, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and document analysis. Key findings reveal that socio-economic challenges, infrastructural deficiencies, governance and policy issues, community engagement and empowerment, and environmental and cultural preservation are significant barriers. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive examination of these barriers within the unique context of Fatumnasi, providing detailed insights into the challenges newly developing regions face. The study contributes valuable recommendations for policy-makers and community stakeholders to enhance the sustainability and benefits of CBT initiatives in similar areas.
From Reconstruction to Resilience: The Evolution of Crisis Management in Indonesia’s Political Leadership
This study examines the crisis management strategies employed by Presidents Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Yudhoyono) and Joko Widodo (Jokowi) in addressing two significant national crises: the 2004 Aceh tsunami and the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative approaches and secondary data analysis to explore how individual leaders navigate crises through decision-making, public engagement, and policy implementation. The findings reveal differences in leadership styles and strategic priorities. Yudhoyono adopted a post-disaster reconstruction model, emphasizing international collaboration, large-scale infrastructure rehabilitation, and institutional reforms to improve disaster preparedness. Instead, Jokowi prioritized rapid response measures, focusing on public health interventions such as mass vaccination programs and social protection policies to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic. A comparative analysis reveals that the effectiveness of crisis leadership is influenced by factors such as policy adaptability, institutional coordination, and resource mobilization. While Yudhoyono’s approach is long-term and institutionally structured, Jokowi’s crisis management is characterized by real-time policy adjustments and direct public involvement. This study contributes to the discourse on political leadership and crisis governance, demonstrating how different leadership approaches impact national resilience and crisis management outcomes. The findings suggest that future leaders should adopt a balanced strategy that integrates long-term resilience planning with proactive, flexible, and inclusive crisis response mechanisms.
Strengthening the Bendega Institution in Supporting Sustainable Development in Denpasar City
Bendega is a traditional institution of Bali’s coastal communities that has an important role in marine governance, fisheries, and the preservation of maritime culture. However, modernization, tourism development, and urbanization in Denpasar City have posed challenges for the sustainability of Bendega’s function. This research aims to examine the existence of Bendega in Denpasar, identify the problems faced, and formulate a strategy to strengthen its institutions. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through literature studies, regulatory analysis, and interviews with Bendega figures and related stakeholders. The results of the study show that strengthening Bendega can be carried out through: (1) harmonization of regulations between local governments and customary rules, (2) institutional capacity building and member regeneration, (3) strengthening maritime-based economy, (4) revitalizing the value of Tri Hita Karana, and (5) multi-stakeholder collaboration. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening Bendega as one of the foundations of sustainable development in the coastal area of Denpasar City.
The Role Of The Government In Empowering Alternative Economies For Cap Tikus Producers In Kumelembuai Village, South Minahasa Regency
This study examines the role of government in supporting alternative economic empowerment for Cap Tikus producers in Kumelembuai Village, North Sulawesi. Cap Tikus, a traditional alcoholic beverage made from palm sap, is a key source of income and cultural identity for the local community. However, heavy dependence on its production and the agricultural sector exposes villagers to economic risks. Through a review of current conditions and literature, this research highlights the need for economic diversification to improve community resilience and welfare. The study emphasizes the importance of government intervention—such as training, capital support, and market access—in facilitating sustainable economic development. Findings aim to inform policy strategies that strengthen local economies and reduce reliance on a single income source.
Artificial Intelligence in Governance: Opportunities for Political Participation and Ethical Challenges
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public administration presents both opportunities and challenges for governance. While AI can enhance political participation through data utilization, digital transparency, and public oversight, it also raises concerns over transparency, accountability, privacy, bias, and inequality. This study seeks to identify the dual role of AI in shaping political participation within governance. Using a descriptive literature review of studies and policy documents, the findings show that AI can expand citizen engagement beyond electoral processes but may also deepen participation gaps among social groups if ethical and inclusive governance frameworks are not ensured.
Leadership Through Social Media: Local Government Strategies for Innovation, Transparency, and Public Participation (A Study in Denpasar City, Bali)
Leadership in the digital era requires not only administrative capability but also the strategic use of information technology to foster transparency, innovation, and citizen participation. This study explores the role of digital leadership in local governance by analyzing the use of social media platforms by the Denpasar City Government, namely Instagram (@denpasarkota), TikTok (@pemkotdenpasar), and the community-driven account @infodenpasar. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines content analysis and comparative assessment of engagement metrics, the research examines how these platforms function as instruments of communication, legitimacy-building, and participatory governance. The findings reveal that while official government accounts emphasize policy dissemination, public service announcements, and cultural promotion, community-based platforms such as @infodenpasar demonstrate higher levels of interaction and responsiveness, thereby acting as complementary channels in the governance ecosystem. The study contributes theoretically by expanding the discourse on digital leadership and social media governance in local contexts, and practically by offering insights for municipal governments in developing more collaborative and innovative digital communication strategies to enhance public trust and engagement.
Comparative Study: Implementation of E-Government in Realizing Improved Public Services in Indonesia and Thailand
This study discusses a comparison of the implementation of e-government in Thailand and Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of e-government in both Thailand and Indonesia, as well as to compare its implementation and the impact on public services in both countries. This research uses a literature study method, which does not require fieldwork or meeting with respondents. The preparation for this research is similar to other types of research, but the sources and data collection methods involve gathering data from literature, reading, taking notes, and processing research materials. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide recommendations for the governments of both countries to further improve public services to the community.
Policies and their impacts in the mining area of North Konawe Regency
This study aims to examine and analyze policies and their impacts in the mining area of North Konawe Regency, as well as examine the implications of mining policies and provide solutions for communities in the mining area of North Konawe Regency. This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using triangulation methods and reduced until the data obtained was saturated and valid. The results of this study indicate that: (a) policy implementation, namely communication, resources, information and authority, disposition and bureaucratic structure, has been carried out by policy implementing agents. The communication process is carried out in a tripartite manner, and government authority is no longer in the regions since the enactment of Law No. 3 of 2020 concerning mining, so that local governments only supervise and control the media when conflicts occur. (b) the impact of government policies on the socio-economic conditions of the community has not had a significant impact. The existence of mining has not provided sufficient space to promote community welfare at a macro level, with challenges including ineffective implementation in the field, social conflict, and the impact of environmental damage.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND PUBLIC VALUE CREATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON CO-PRODUCTION-BASED GOVERNANCE
Digital transformation in public administration has become a global imperative to enhance efficiency, transparency, and citizen participation in governance. This study explores how digital transformation and co-production contribute to multidimensional public value creation through a systematic literature review of 35 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, the research systematically identified, screened, and analyzed relevant studies indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The analysis, visualized using VOSviewer version 1.6.20, identified four primary public value dimensions: administrative efficiency, citizen engagement, social equity, and economic optimization. Co-production emerges as a crucial mechanism linking digital transformation to these outcomes, though institutional capacity, digital literacy, and governance culture strongly moderate the results. The study highlights that sustainable digital transformation in public administration requires not only technological innovation but also active citizen participation and adaptive governance structures. Theoretically, this work reinforces the Public Value Management framework, while practically, it offers insights for policymakers to design inclusive, transparent, and citizen-centered digital service reforms.
Sustainable Waste Management Model in Bali: Integration of Public Policy and Local Wisdom
Waste management is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in Bali, along with increasing tourism activities and population density. This research aims to analyze how local wisdom applied through customary instruments such as awig-awig and pararem can be integrated into public policies to create sustainable waste management. The method used is qualitative descriptive based on literature studies and secondary case studies that examine various customary-based waste management practices in Bali. Data were collected through the analysis of policy documents, activity reports, and previous research results, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman models. This study found four main things: (1) the application of pararem and customary sanctions to increase community discipline in sorting and processing waste; (2) synergy between customary institutions and local governments through community-based management programs to strengthen the implementation of formal policies; (3) the values of Tri Hita Karana play a role as a moral foundation that fosters collective environmental awareness; and (4) collaboration between actors within the framework of collaborative governance encourages the formation of an adaptive and sustainable management system. Practically, this research provides an understanding of the importance of the role of indigenous villages in supporting local value-based waste management policies, while academically adding insight into the integration of local wisdom in public policies in the environmental sector.
The Underdeveloped Areas Paradox: The Role of Infrastructure for Sustainable Community-Based Tourism
This study investigates the implementation of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in Ende Regency, Indonesia, a region characterized by the “Underdeveloped Regions Paradox,” where significant macroeconomic growth obscures severe micro-level poverty. The aim is to examine the degree to which fundamental components of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) enhance the sustainability of tourism, and, crucially, to explore the moderating effects of infrastructure and accessibility within this context. This study employs a qualitative case study methodology, integrating secondary data from government statistics and policy documents with primary insights gathered from field observations and extensive interviews performed in pivotal communities. The findings confirm that while community engagement, empowerment, and external aid are essential for the success of CBT, their effectiveness is fundamentally dependent on the existence of supportive infrastructure. Insufficient infrastructure presents a significant barrier, undermining community endeavors, whereas appropriate accessibility fosters positive outcomes. Additionally, the research highlights the critical impact of the quality of external support and the complex, dual-dimensional function of local cultural traditions. This paper’s importance comes from the fact that it provides a sophisticated developmental framework that sees foundational infrastructure not just as an extra piece, but as an essential part of building viable and sustainable CBT in underdeveloped areas. It also offers practical suggestions for integrated policy and practice.
Optimizing School-Based Feeding Program Management: A Comparative Literature Review of Lessons from the Philippines for Indonesia
Improving student nutrition is a critical challenge in developing nations. As Indonesia prepares to launch its ambitious Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) program, this study presents a strategic roadmap by comparatively analyzing the Philippines’ established School-Based Feeding Program (SBFP). Institutionalized by law, the SBFP successfully rehabilitated 62% of severely wasted children and improved school attendance. However, the program offers crucial cautionary lessons. Severe Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) data inconsistencies were found, with only 43% of beneficiaries being correctly verified. More critically, nutritional gains proved unsustainable, as only 48% of children maintained normal status 12 months post-program. Based on this analysis, strategic recommendations are formulated for Indonesia: establishing a permanent legal framework to ensure sustainability, adopting a hybrid logistics model (Central Kitchens in urban areas and Home-Grown School Feeding in rural regions), and mandating the integration of comprehensive nutrition education with a robust digital M&E system. These steps are essential to ensure accountability and transform a short-term intervention into a permanent human capital investment.
Integrating Public Policy for Sustainable Tourism Development in Badung Regency, Bali: Enhancing Spirituality, Social Harmony, and Environmental Stewardship
This study aims to explore the challenges and potential solutions in advancing sustainable tourism in Badung Regency, Bali Province, with a particular focus on three core elements: spirituality (Parhyangan), social relations (Pawongan), and environmental sustainability (Palemahan). As tourist numbers continue to rise, issues such as a lack of respect for sacred sites, social tensions between visitors and local communities, and negative ecological impacts have become increasingly urgent. Employing a qualitative methodology—including in-depth interviews with government officials (notably from the Tourism Office), tourism stakeholders, community members, and academics, along with field data analysis—this research identifies harmful behavioral patterns and proposes policy recommendations aimed at fostering harmony between tourism, society, and the environment. The findings highlight that education, stricter law enforcement, and enhanced collaboration among stakeholders are essential to cultivating a tourism experience that honors local values, strengthens communities, and safeguards natural resources. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to a new paradigm of tourism management—one that goes beyond economic gain to prioritize long-term social and environmental sustainability in Badung Regency as a premier travel destination.
ADVANCING EXCELLENT PUBLIC SERVICE IN PALEMBANG CITY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW WITH VOSVIEWER ANALYSIS
This study explores the advancement of excellent public service in Palembang City through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 36 articles published between 2020 and 2024. The review employed the PRISMA framework to ensure transparency and rigor, while bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer 1.6.20 to map thematic structures. The findings reveal four dominant clusters shaping the discourse: (1) digital transformation in public service, (2) citizen trust and satisfaction, (3) bureaucratic reform and service innovation, and (4) participatory governance and collaborative networks. These dimensions highlight that excellent public service is not merely about efficiency, but also requires inclusivity, transparency, and institutional adaptability. This study contributes to the theoretical development of public administration by synthesizing emerging trends in digital and participatory governance, while offering practical implications for local governments in designing responsive and citizen-centered services.
Democracy under Patronage: A Marxist Analysis of Bureaucracy in the 2024 North Toraja Election
The 2024 election in North Toraja Regency reflects local democracy still dominated by patronage practices, bureaucratic involvement, and money politics. This study employs a qualitative case study approach to analyze how bureaucracy functions not as a neutral instrument but as a political tool for elites, and how money politics is legitimized by society as part of economic rationality and cultural norms. Using Marxism, Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, and voter behavior theories (rational choice and patron–client), this research finds that local democracy in North Toraja represents elite power reproduction rather than substantive popular participation. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions reveal that kinship ties, campaign promises, and money politics are key determinants of voter behavior. The study concludes that elections in North Toraja remain an arena of capital and patronage contestation, with bureaucracy and money politics serving as instruments of elite hegemony. It recommends bureaucratic reform, voter political education, and law enforcement against money politics to improve the quality of local democracy.
Artificial Intelligence in Public Governance: Ethical Opportunities and Challenges in Indonesia’s Digital Transformation
Purpose: This study investigates the ethical opportunities and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in Indonesia’s public governance, where digital transformation has become a central agenda. It explores how global AI governance frameworks can be contextualized for developing countries with fragmented institutions, regulatory gaps, and limited capacities. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Publications from 2020 to August 2025 were screened through PRISMA procedures, yielding 45 eligible studies. An adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was applied for quality assessment. Data were synthesized thematically across governance dimensions: accountability, lifecycle governance, regulation and standards, transparency and explainability, inclusivity and equity. Findings: The review identifies both opportunities and risks of AI in Indonesia’s public sector. Opportunities include bureaucratic efficiency, transparency, and citizen-centric services. However, challenges remain: algorithmic bias, data privacy risks, unequal digital access, and regulatory fragmentation. Comparative analysis shows that while developed nations employ enforceable technical standards and independent oversight, Indonesia’s governance mechanisms remain largely normative and under-implemented. Practical implications: The study proposes a governance checklist tailored to Indonesia, emphasizing multi- level accountability, lifecycle monitoring, algorithmic audits, and participatory oversight. These findings inform policy reforms for Indonesia’s National AI Strategy (Stranas KA) and support more equitable, transparent, and accountable public sector innovation. Originality/value: This article contributes by contextualizing global AI governance frameworks within a Southeast Asian developing country, bridging the knowledge gap between normative principles and enforceable practices. It highlights pathways for adaptive governance in resource-constrained settings, with implications for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners.
Development of Local Community-Based Ecotourism in Minahasa Regency
This study aims to analyze the potential, challenges, and formulate a model for the development of community- based ecotourism (CBET) in Minahasa Regency. Minahasa has natural and cultural wealth that has great potential to be used as an ecotourism destination, such as Lake Tondano, Bukit Kasih, as well as traditional cultural and craft sites. However, the utilization of this potential is still not optimal due to various structural challenges such as low human resource (HR) capacity, weak local institutions, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of community participation. Through a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies, this study reveals that the success of ecotourism development in Minahasa is highly dependent on the integration of three pillars of sustainability: social, economic, and environmental. The results of the study recommend the need for regional policy interventions that support inclusive governance, strengthening local institutions, and supervision strict environment. With a participatory and adaptive approach to local conditions, the CBET model is considered to be able to make ecotourism an instrument of environmental conservation as well as a driver of the people’s economy in Minahasa Regency.
Strengthening the Governance of the Toba Caldera Geosite Through Adaptive Governance: Opportunities and Challenges
The adaptive governance approach is an important instrument in realizing sustainable tourism, thus the importance of managing Geopark areas that are not only oriented towards economic aspects, but also emphasize social, cultural, and environmental dimensions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the opportunities and challenges in strengthening the governance of the Toba Caldera Geosite in Samosir Regency. The method used is a qualitative case study. The results show that strengthening geosite governance has the opportunity to develop, because it is supported by UNESCO geopark regulations and has a GreenCard, local community involvement, although not optimal, and the potential for a creative economy based on Batak culture. However, the main challenges faced are limited inter-institutional coordination, low human resource capacity, and poor integration of cross-sectoral policies.
Bureaucratic Challenges in Realizing Sustainable Tourism in Tomohon City
This study aims to identify and analyze the bureaucratic challenges in realizing sustainable tourism in Tomohon City, with four main sub-focuses: inter-agency coordination, government apparatus competence, budget availability, and digitalization. The research method used is a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and literature study. Furthermore, this study applies qualitative data analysis covering data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and conclusion verification. The findings indicate that several bureaucratic challenges in realizing sustainable tourism in Tomohon City can be seen from four main aspects. First, inter- agency coordination remains weak, as shown by the lack of synchronization between tourism development policies and spatial planning or environmental management. Second, the competence of government apparatus is still inadequate, particularly in understanding sustainable tourism and digital skills, making it difficult for the bureaucracy to adapt to the demands of smart tourism. Third, budget availability is limited and inconsistent, with most allocations directed to major events such as the Tomohon International Flower Festival, while destination maintenance, environmental conservation, and long- term promotion receive less attention. Fourth, digitalization within the bureaucracy has not been implemented optimally due to limited infrastructure, low digital capacity of officials, fragmented systems between agencies, and the digital gap among local tourism stakeholders.
Analysis of the Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Trust in Minahasa Regency Government Policies
Public trust is widely recognized as a cornerstone of democratic governance and effective public administration. In recent years, however, public trust in government institutions has faced significant challenges due to political controversies, policy failures, and the proliferation of misinformation in digital spaces. Social media has emerged as a critical arena where governments communicate policies, citizens respond, and public perceptions are shaped. This study explores the role of social media in shaping public trust in local government policies, focusing on Minahasa Regency, Indonesia. Using a qualitative research design, the study employs document analysis, content analysis of official government social media accounts, and secondary literature review to assess the dynamics of trust-building in digital governance. Findings suggest that social media functions as both a facilitator and a potential threat to public trust. On the positive side, social media enhances transparency, accelerates information dissemination, fosters two-way communication, and enables citizens’ active participation in policy discourse. These dynamics contribute to performance-based trust and strengthen social capital, consistent with theoretical frameworks by Mishler and Rose (2001) and Putnam (2000). Conversely, challenges such as inconsistent government responses, limited digital literacy, and exposure to misinformation undermine trust and exacerbate public skepticism. The study contributes to scholarly debates on digital governance by demonstrating how social media operates as a participatory democratic tool at the local level in Indonesia. Practical implications highlight the need for governments to institutionalize social media as a governance instrument, ensure consistency and creativity in content delivery, strengthen digital literacy among citizens, and collaborate strategically with community influencers to broaden legitimacy. By situating Minahasa within global debates on governance and communication, this study underscores the dual role of social media as both a vehicle of trust and a source of contestation in contemporary public policy.
ENHANCING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT THROUGH “MA FIT MA TOUP” CULTURE IN NORTH CENTRAL TIMOR
The allocation of village funds in North Central Timor Regency (TTU), which was supposed to be the driver of poverty reduction, did not have a significant effect. The accumulated village funds allocated from 2017 to 2024 reached Rp. 1,084,053,114,000 but could only reduce the poverty rate from 23.52% in 2017 to 20.89% in 2024. One of the factors that is an obstacle in the management of village funds in TTU Regency is that community participation is not ideal. In this context, community participation is still at the level of tokenism, where community involvement is more symbolic and does not influence policy substantially. The main obstacles to increasing community participation include low public literacy towards village fund management, the dominance of local elites in decision-making and the lack of inclusive forums to discuss village policies. On the other hand, there is the cultural value of “ma fit ma toup” that develops in the community, which should be empowered in the framework of easing each other’s burdens and building awareness, responsibility and active participation in development activities in the village. The methodology of this research includes observation, document analysis and interviews with key figures. The results of this study provide information that can be used to direct the community to not only become beneficiaries, but also play an active role in the entire cycle of village fund management, starting from planning, implementation, supervision to evaluation. Community involvement in this cycle will have positive implications for the effectiveness of village fund management which can ultimately reduce poverty rates.
Rethinking the Conceptual Model of Governance: Insights from Gen Z’s Political Entrepreneurship Prototypes in Digital Civics and Democratic Innovations
This study re-examines conceptual models of governance through an analysis of political entrepreneurship prototypes created by Gen Z students, focusing on digital civics and democratic innovation. Dominant governance models—networked governance (Rhodes, 1996; Sørensen & Torfing, 2007), interpretive governance (Bevir & Rhodes, 2016), and state-centric governance (Pierre & Peters, 2018)—are based on formal institutional relations and have not yet accommodated the experimental micro-arena driven by young citizens using digital technology. Using a qualitative content analysis of 28 prototypes (12 digital civics and 16 democratic innovations), this study examined how Gen Z design collective decision-making processes. The findings suggest that digital civics build political literacy, and that democratic innovations facilitate policy co-production. This study proposes the concept of governance as co-produced micro-arenas–small-scale collective decision arenas designed by young political entrepreneurs–to expand governance theory to cross-generational collaborative ecosystems.
Implementation of E-Government in the Public Service Process in Karo Regency
Importance of administrative completeness in every requirement in registration to obtain services such as school registration, employment status, obtaining health services, obtaining permits, and other services. All require appropriate population administration. However, every human being’s status will change over time, such as employment, marriage, and education. Then it is necessary to make changes. Services for administrative management can already be done online. However, due to a lack of knowledge of technology and information, the implementation of online services is less attractive to the public. This paper aims to examine the digital governance process through the implementation of e-government in the public service process at the Department of Population and Civil Registration, Tanah Karo Regency. The research focus is on implementation performance and the factors that influence the performance of e-government policy implementation. So that researchers can provide research findings that will be used as a reference for the next researcher when comparing implementation performance and factors that influence the current study to the next. Using a qualitative description approach that provides detailed explanations of the problems investigated, it was discovered that the performance of the implementation of population administration services via e-government was as follows: (1) Access to information requirements is easily obtained by the community, but access to all types of services cannot be managed online; (2) People still use online services a little; (3) People still rarely use online services; (4) The implementation of online services is right on target; (5) The process of completing administrative documents is on time; (6) Documents can be printed by the community themselves because their authenticity is guaranteed; (7) Management of documents becomes efficient and effective; Meanwhile, the factors that affect the performance of the first e-government policy implementation are the environmental conditions of the relationship between human resource organizations and the character of the institution. Based on these findings, the proposed policy recommendations need to increase the socialization of services through e-government to the community, carried out by the Information Service Section of the Population and Civil Registration Service of Karo Regency, by inviting the cooperation of sub-district and village officials in providing online service socialization and using social media. Providing service space in each sub- district and village office using the village fund budget, such as the availability of one unit computer, one unit printer, and A4 paper weighing 80 grams, and one person who is able to operate and can teach the community so that the next document management can be done online and can print the results in the office that is already available in the administrative management service room because in the printing place there is not necessarily a paper size like the set.
Transformation of Public Services in the Island Regions: Improving Community Participation through Information Technology
Transforming public services in archipelagic regions is an urgent need to realize a government that is inclusive, adaptive, and responsive to community needs. Archipelagic regions in Indonesia face unique challenges in providing public services, such as limited infrastructure, geographic barriers, and isolation between regions. These conditions often lead to low service quality and minimal public participation in government processes. This study aims to critically examine how ICT can improve public participation in public services in archipelagic regions, considering geographical challenges and the decentralized conditions of regional government. Using a qualitative approach and case study methods in several archipelagic regions in Indonesia, the findings indicate that digital access and digital literacy are crucial variables influencing the effectiveness of e-government. Infrastructure gaps and low technological capabilities of the community are often the main obstacles. However, when access and literacy are achieved, ICT can open a broad dialogue between citizens and the government, enabling the public to actively participate in the planning, monitoring, and evaluation of public services. Within a decentralized framework, the use of digital social also strengthens the position of local governments as key actors in managing locally-based services. Thus, digital transformation in island regions is not only about system modernization, but also about building a participatory ecosystem based on trust, openness, and connectivity.
Implementation of Denpasar Mayor Regulation Number 22 of 2023 concerning Women-Friendly and Child-Friendly Villages in Penatih Dangin Puri Village, East Denpasar District, Denpasar City
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Denpasar Mayor Regulation Number 22 of 2023 concerning Women-Friendly and Child-Friendly Villages (DRPPA) in Penatih Dangin Puri Village, East Denpasar District, Denpasar City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The theory used in analyzing the implementation of this policy is the implementation model of Donald Van Meter and Carl Van Horn, which includes six main indicators, namely policy standards and goals, resources, characteristics of implementing organizations, communication, implementing disposition, and environmental conditions. The results of the study show that the Village Government has carried out various programs such as the establishment of children’s forums, strengthening the role of PKK, posyandu, and collecting data on women and children. However, there are still several obstacles such as the lack of understanding of the substance of the regulations, the lack of optimal socialization to the community, and the lack of the formation of special institutions and village regulations (awig-awig) that support the program. In addition, public participation is also still low due to lack of information and awareness. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of regulations has not been optimal. It is necessary to increase the capacity of human resources, effective communication, and support for local regulations so that the implementation of DRPPA can be achieved comprehensively and sustainably.
ADAPTIVE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON GEO-TOURISM IN THE LAKE TOBA CALDERA AREA
This study aims to analyze how the Adaptive Human Resource Development (AHRD) approach can be a strategic framework in developing local human resource capacity to support sustainable development based on geotourism in the Toba Caldera Area in Samosir Regency, and uses a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of AHRD integrated with local wisdom values, mastery of digital technology, and strengthening community institutions can be an important foundation in improving the quality of local human resources that are responsive to change and able to play an active role in environmental conservation, sustainable tourism management, and improving community welfare.